پاورپوینت Drugs used in the treatment of hyperlipidemias

نوع فایل: پاورپوینت (قابل ویرایش)

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تعداد اسلاید : 50 صفحه

Drugs used in the treatment of hyperlipidemias By
S.Bohlooli, PhD Introduction Introduction
Used to prevent or slow progression of atherosclerosis to reduce the risk of coronary artery disease and prolong life
Cholesterol
Advantages
Serves as a component of cell membranes and intracellular organelle membranes
Is involved in the synthesis of certain hormones including estrogen, progesterone, testosterone, adrenal corticosteroids
Needed for the synthesis of bile salts which are needed for digestion and absorption of fats. Introduction Cholesterol
Advantages
Is deposited in the stratum corneum of the skin to help ↓ evaporation of water and create impermeability to water soluble compounds (helps keep moisture in skin)
Origin
Is synthesized in the liver. Acetyl CoA is converted to mevalonic acid and ultimately to cholesterol by hydroxymethyl glutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase. Introduction Cholesterol
Origin
Endogenous synthesis of cholesterol increases at night
An increase in dietary cholesterol produces only a small ↑ in blood levels of cholesterol because ingestion inhibits endogenous synthesis
Dietary saturated fats ↑ blood cholesterol levels because they are converted to cholesterol in the body. Introduction Lipoproteins
Serve as carriers for transporting lipids (cholesterol and triglycerides) in the blood.
Apolipoproteins
Embedded in the lipoprotein shell
Three functions
1. Serve as recognition sites for cell-surface receptors; allowing cells to bind and ingest the lipoprotein.
2. Activate enzymes that will metabolize the lipoprotein
3. ↑ structural stability of the lipoprotein Introduction Lipoproteins
Apolipoproteins
All lipoproteins that deliver lipids to peripheral tissues (nonhepatic tissues) contain apolipoprotein B-100 (Ex: VLDL, LDL)
All lipoproteins that transport lipids from peripheral tissues back to the liver contain apolipoprotein A-I (Ex: HDL) Introduction Lipoproteins
Lipoproteins of importance
VLDL (very low density lipoprotein)
Contain triglycerides (TGs) and some cholesterol
Account for nearly all TGs in the blood
Contain B-100
Deliver triglycerides from the liver to adipose tissues and muscles. Introduction Lipoproteins
Lipoproteins of importance
VLDL (very low density lipoprotein)
Remnants of hydrolysis are IDL (intermediate density lipoproteins), which can be transported to liver or converted to LDL Introduction Lipoproteins
Lipoproteins of importance
LDL (low density lipoprotein)
“Bad cholesterol”
Contain cholesterol
Account for 60-70% of cholesterol in the blood
Contains B-100
Delivers cholesterol to peripheral t

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